I am a social theorist and political researcher, working primarily within the fields of political thought and the history of ideas. My primary research focus is on the study of ideologies, in particular how ideologies gain influence among the population, reflected in how public opinion is formed and expressed. Through my research, I aim to help contemporary progressive movements respond better to the rising salience of identity politics and sustainability, and the threat of authoritarianism and populist nationalism. In this vein, I am a passionate supporter of widening access and diversity in higher education to include all those discriminated against on grounds of income, gender, race, sexual orientation, or disability.
At the heart of my work lies an innovative 'social morphology' approach to ideology analysis, which synthesises insights from conceptual morphology, conceptual and intellectual history, social psychology, and structuralist and poststructuralist social theory. This approach has closely informed my work on the principled basis of cooperation between progressive ideologies, and the formulation of specific policies that can bridge current areas of acute polarisation—including a proposal for a European-level Universal Basic Income. My work draws on two historical case-studies: (1) the emergence of social democracy as an independent ideology, including the writings of the foundational social-democratic thinker Eduard Bernstein (1890–1930); (2) the rise of competing visions of European unification put forward during the immediate prehistory of the European project (1919–57).
Alongside my research, I have written articles for press and media outlets including The Times, New Statesman, The Conversation, and Justice Everywhere. I am the Online Editor of the Journal of Political Ideologies, and founding Editor of its affiliated blog Ideology Theory Practice. My research on contemporary and historical progressive ideologies is designed to maintain close engagement with current policy debates, and I have built up extensive relationships with progressive policy research bodies at the UK, European, and global level. I am a policy consultant for Compass and Engage Britain; a member of the research networks for Policy Network (now Progressive Britain) and the Foundation for European Progressive Studies; and I am co-authoring a report on ‘resilient democracy’ for the international Progressive Alliance.
- Examination Fellow, All Souls College (from 2013 to 2020)
- Undergraduate and Postgraduate, Magdalen College, Oxford (from 2007 to 2013)
- Social and political theory
- Public opinion and polling
- European integration and political ideologies
- Socialism and social democracy
- C20th history of political thought
- How We Think: How Society Shapes Our Minds (London: Hodder & Stoughton, forthcoming 2023)
- ‘From “noble patriotism” to the “republic of peoples”: Eduard Bernstein and the “national question” in German Social Democracy’, History of Political Thought 43 (forthcoming 2022)
- Ideology (Cambridge: Polity, forthcoming 2021)
- (with Dominic Afscharian, Justine Gangneux, and Stine Quorning) Resilient Democracy: Report to the Board of the Progressive Alliance (Berlin: Progressive Alliance, forthcoming 2021)
- (with Dominic Afscharian, Viktoriia Muliavka, and Lukáš Siegel) The European Basic Income: Delivering on Social Europe (Brussels: Foundation of European Progressive Studies, forthcoming 2021)
- ‘Social Democracy and “positive” foreign policy: the evolution of Eduard Bernstein’s international thought, 1914–1920’, History of Political Thought 42 (forthcoming 2021).
- ‘Eduard Bernstein’, in Mortimer Sellers and Stephan Kirste (eds.), Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, forthcoming 2021)
- Eduard Bernstein on Socialism Past and Present: Essays and Lectures on Ideology (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021)
- ‘You’ve got to ask the right expert: Who gives political advice?’, in Colin Kidd and Jacqueline Rose (eds.), Political Advice (London: I.B. Tauris, 2021), 161–76.
- (with Esther Brown) ‘Patriotism in a globalised world: Implications for progressive foreign policy’, in Jack Jeffrey (ed.), Belonging, Place, and the Nation (London: Compass, 2021), 34–9.
- ‘How (Not) to Form a Progressive Alliance: Lessons from the History of Left Cooperation’, The Political Quarterly 92(1) (2021), 23–31.
- Left Unity: Manifesto for a Progressive Alliance (London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020)
- Eduard Bernstein on the German Revolution: Selected Historical Writings (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019)
- ‘Eduard Bernstein and the lessons of the German Revolution’, in James Muldoon and Gaard Kets (eds.), The German Revolution and Political Theory (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), 137–58.
- Eduard Bernstein on Social Democracy and International Politics: Essays and Other Writings (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018)
- ‘Ideology in the age of the coalition: the strange rebirth of British centrism’ (with Matthew Lakin), Journal of Political Ideologies 19(1) (2014), 15–40.
- ‘Towards libertarian welfarism: protecting agency in the night-watchman state’, Journal of Political Ideologies 18(1) (2013), 107–28.
- ‘Achieving Autonomy: What the independence referendum means for Scotland’s fiscal future’ (London: Report for the All-Party Parliamentary Taxation Group, UK Parliament, 2013)
- Max Weber Fellow, Robert Schuman Centre, European University Institute, Florence
- Fellow, Royal Historical Society
- Fellow, Royal Society of Arts
- Departmental Studentship from the Department of Politics & International Relations (2012–2013).
- Senior Mackinnon Scholarship from Magdalen College (2010-2013).