Professor Ruth Harris

Professor Ruth Harris

Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, History
Senior Research Fellow since 2016

Ruth Harris is Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College and Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford. She is the author of four monographs and the recipient of the Wolfson Prize and the National Jewish Book Award. Her research explores the intersections of religion, politics, science, and culture in the modern world. Trained as a historian of modern France, she has worked across a wide range of fields, including the history of medicine and psychiatry, gender and religion, anti-Semitism and nationalism, and the relationship between political and religious belief. Her books have examined subjects as diverse as medical psychiatry, the apparitions and healing shrine of Lourdes, and the Dreyfus Affair. More recently, her work has turned to global and transnational history, particularly the intellectual and religious exchanges between Europe and India. Her biography of Swami Vivekananda explored the global circulation of ideas about spirituality, religion, and modernity in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. She is currently completing The Oriental Christ: How Empire Remade Jesus and Modern Spirituality, which investigates how Indian thinkers and religious reformers reinterpreted Jesus under empire and, in doing so, transformed modern understandings of Christianity and spirituality across the world.

Research Areas
Religion and the Modern World
Political Religion and Collective Belief
History of Medicine, Science, and Psychiatry
France and Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Global Intellectual History
India, Empire, and Cross-Cultural Exchange

Selected Publications

Guru to the World: The Life and Legacy of Vivekananda

(Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2022)

Dreyfus: Politics, Emotion, and the Scandal of the Century

 (Metropolitan Books; Allen Lane, 2010)

Lourdes: Body and Spirit in the Secular Age

(Allen Lane/Penguin; Viking, 1999)

Murders and Madness: Medicine, Law, and Society in the Fin de Siècle

(Oxford University Press, 1989)

Broken Friendship and the History of South Asian Religious Modernisms: The Case of Swami Vivekananda and Anagarika Dharmapala

International Journal of Hindu Studies (2025)

“Vivekananda: Indian Swami and Global Guru,”

Religions (2023)

The Oriental Christ: How Empire Remade Jesus and Modern Spirituality

This book reconstructs how Jesus became an object of global reinterpretation across the long nineteenth century. Extending histories of "world religions" and the global circulation of concepts, it follows Christ as he was universalised and localised, revered and rejected. Through connected biographies from South Asia and the West, it shows how empire remade Christianity and modern spirituality through individual lives.